Process of dyeing.



NITED STATES ATENT @FFICL FRANZ ERBAN, OF I-lOCHST-ON-THE-WIAIN, GERMANY, AND LEOPOLD' SPECHT, OF MARIENTHAL, AUSTRIA-HUNGARY.

PROCESS OF DYEING.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 633,438, dated September 19, 1899.

pplication filed December 30, 1893. Serial No. 495.2'70- (N sp imens-l To all whom, it may concern:

Be it known that we, FRANZ ERBAN, residing at Hochst-on-the-Main, in the Empire of Germany, and LEOPOLD SPECHT, residing at Marienthal, in the Empire of Austria-Hungary, citizens of the Empire of Austria-Hungary, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Processes of Dyeing Textile Fibers with Alizarin and other Mordant Dyestuffs, (for which Letters Patent were granted to us in Germany, No. 54,057, dated February 4, 1890, and in Austria-Hungary, dated August 16, 1800, Tom. XL, Fol. 2,210,

' and Tom. XXIV, Fol. 2,105,) of which the following is a specification.

The dyeing mechanically of textile materials loose or in other states of manufacturing has hitherto been only possible with coloring-matters soluble in water, the insoluble mordant dyes, such as alizarin, &c., not being capable of use in this way but in a few cases-that is to say, for yarn in hanks, cloth, &c.and this in a very complicated manner.

We have now succeeded in finding a process permitting the dyeing of fiber loose and in any other state of manufacturing, and especially those which are to be dyed mechanically with these dyes by using them in the form of alkaline solutions. Of the coloringmatters at present known and industrially used the following are adapted for this purpose: Alizarin, purpurin, anthraand flavopurpurin, alizarin-brown, rufigallol; nitroalizarin, (alizarin-orange;) amido-alizarin, (alizarin maroon, claret alizarin-bordeaux, alizarin cardinal; alizarin-cyanins, anthracene-blues; alizarin cyanin black; alizarin black (ML. & B.) naphtazarin; alizarin green, alizarin yellow, (ellagic acid, gallacetphenon, benzophenon, and similar products, azo-colors from nitranilin and salicylic acid;) galloflavin, anthracene yellow, flavazol, anthracene red, diamant yellow, diamant-flavin, diamant orange, cloth orange, and clothbrown, as well as some direct-dyeing coloringmatters which contain salicylic acidsuch as oriol, cotton yellow, chrysamin, cresotin yellow, diainin yellow, Hessian yellow, carbazol yellow; azarin, azo green, Persian red; solid green, dioxin, gambins roselin, gallein, cerulein; gallocyanin, gallamin blue, gallanilid blue, blue java, delphin blue, azurin in paste, gallanil blue, gallanil violet, celestin blue, chrome blue, chrome-violet, chrome-green, chrome-yellow, chrome-orange, chrome-bordeaux, chrome-prune, chrome-red, chromerubine, chrome-brown, chrome-black, cachou laval.

The process is effected as follows The goods are impregnated in an apparatus suitable for the purpose with a solution of the coloringmatter to be used mixed with an alkaline medium, such as ammonia, hydroxide and carbonates of alkalies, carbonate of ammonia, alkaline reagent salts, such as phosphate of soda, borax, silicate of potash, aluminate of sodium, alkaline reagent soaps, Turkey red oil and organic bases, (for instance, amins.) The volatile mediums employed have the advantage over the fixed alkalies and those containing salts that in the drying they evaporate and leave the coloring-matter insoluble on the fiber in such a manner as to thoroughly i mpregnaie the fiber,whereas when fixed alkalies are employed it remains soluble. Besides the solution of coloring-matter there may be added to the dye-bath substances which do not precipitate the coloring-matter in an alkaline solutionas, for example, aluminate or stannate of sodium, solution of oxid of zinc and of lead in soda-lye, solutions of ammonia, of chrome and copper oxid, cobalt, nickel or manganese oxydul, red and yellow prussiate of soda, chromic salts, solution of soap, Turkey red oil, glycerin, &c., thickenings, (gums, &c.) After impregnating the fiber the excess of liquid is removed by centrifugal machine or otherwise. In some cases it is advantageous and in other cases (for cops, spools, 830.) it is necessary to dry the material for fixing purposes. A short steaming will have the same effect. The material is then impregnated with the mordant in a bath con taining the necessary mordants, (alumina, chrome, lime, iron, &c.,) best in the shape of weak or easily-volatile acids, such as acetic acid. The excess of mordant is removed and after or without drying the formation of the color-lake can then be effected and completed by steaming. ashing, soaping, and clear ing serve in many cases to increase the brightour invention We have signed our names in ness of the dye. presence of two subscribing Witnesses. That We claim as our invention is FRANZ ERBAN. The herein-described process of dyeing With LEOPOLD SPECHT. 5 alizarin, which consists in first treating the Witnesses as to signature of Franz Erban:

fiber to be dyed with a soluble modification JOSEF REVIER, of alizarin, then fixing the alizarin color on HEINRICH HAHN. the fiber by drying, next treating the fiber Witnesses as to signature of Leopold with a mordant, and finally steaming the fiber, Specht: IO substantially as set forth. GUIDO KGPKE,

In testimony that We claim the foregoing as THEODOR MASOHINDA. 

